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7 � � � � � � � � � �Ŀ fell

7.1 � � � �

1. ƽ � � � �

2. V � � � �

3. � � Ш � � � �

4. � � � the delta � � � ͬ � � � � � � � �

7.2 V � � � � � � � Ĺ � � � ԭ � � � ص 㼰 Ӧ � �

һ � � � � � � ԭ � �

� � һ � � � � � � � � � � n � � � Ž � � � װ � � � � � � � � � 1 ʹ Ӷ � � � 2 � ϣ � ʹ � � � Դ � � � � � ֵ Ľ Ӵ � � � � � � � ѹ � � � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � � � � � � ּ � � Ħ � � � � � � � � � ˶ � � 붯 � � � � � � һ � � � � � � � � � £� Ħ � � � � � � һ � � � � ֵ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ħ � � � � � ļ � � � ֵ � � � � � � � ڴ � � � � � � ϴ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

V � � � � � � � � � � � � � ص � � � Ӧ � �

� � � � ͬ � � � Ž � � � � � � � � £V � � � � ɱ � ƽ � � � � � � � ϴ � � � � ѹ � � � � � � � � � y ϴ � � Ħ � � � � � �

V � � � ƽ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ͬ � � � Ž � � � Q, � � ƽ � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � � Ħ � � � � Ϊ

F_f= fN = fQ

V � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � � Ħ � � � � Ϊ

7.3 V � � � Ĺ � � � ׼ � � � � � ֵ Ľ ṹ � � � � � �

һ � � n � � � Ĺ � � � ׼

V � � � � � � � � � � � � ״ � � � � � � � � ߴ � IJ � ͬ � � Ϊ Y � � Z � � A � � B � � C � � D � � E � � 7 � � � ͺ ţ � � � � � � ߴ � � ѱ � ׼ � � � �

Y � � � ͺ ŵ V � � � � � � � � � � ɱ � ׼ � � � ȡ � ͨ � � � ڿ � � � � o Ĵ � � � � � Ϊ� � ׼ � � � � Ld� �� � � Ϊ rise� � ׼ � � � �� �

� � � Ϊ V � �

A - 1400 GB11544-89

SPA � � խ V � �

GB12730 SPA - 1250-91

� ڿ �� � ָ V � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � ȱ � � ֲ � � 䴦 � � � � Ϊ � � � Ľ � � � � ȣ � � � ƽ ڿ � � � bp� � ʾ � � � � � ڴ � � ֣ � bp� � � � � ڵ � ֱ � � � � Ϊ � � � ֵ Ļ � ׼ ֱ � � � � Ҳ � Ƽ � � � ֱ � � d_d� �

V � � � � � � � � � � ڿ � ֮ � ȵ IJ � ͬ � � � � Ϊ� � ͨ V � �� �խ V � �� � � ֡ � � � ͨ V � � � � � � ڿ � ֮ � � Ϊ 0.7 � � � � խ V � � � � � � ڿ � ֮ � � Ϊ 0.9 � �

V � � � � � � � � � ֵ Ľ ṹ � � Ƽ � � � � � ѡ � �

� � һ � � � ṹ � � �

� � � � � � � � Ե � � � � � 壨 � ַ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ɡ � � � Ե � Ǵ � � ֵ Ĺ � � � � � � ֣ � � � � � � � � � � ֲ ۡ � � ֲ ۳ ߴ � � � � � � � � Ǵ � � � � � � � � � � � Ӳ � � ֣ � � � Ե � � � � � � � � � � ַ � � � � � � dam � � � ӳ � һ � � � 塣

V � � � ְ � � � � 壨 � ַ � � � � ṹ � IJ � ͬ � � Ϊ � � � fell � � � � � ʽ � � � � 1 � � ʵ � Ĵ � � ֣ � � � 2 � � � � � � � � ֣ � � � 3 � � � װ � � � ֣ � � � 4 � � � ַ � � � � ֡ �

� � � � � � � � � ֲ � � ϵ � ѡ � �

IJ � � � ֳ � � o � � � � л � � � � � � � � ֡ � � � � Ͻ � � � � � � ϵ ȣ � � � � л � � � � � Ӧ � � � � 㡣

7.4 V � � � � � � � � Ƽ � � � Ļ � � � ֪ ʶ

һ � � n � � � � � � � ļ � � gamma ߴ � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

1. � � � � � �

Ϊ � � ֤ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � һ � � � � � Ž � � � � � � ڴ � � � � ϡ � � � � � � � � � � � ֹ ʱ � � � � � � � ߳ � � � � � ȵ � � � � � � � � � Ϊ � � � � � � F₀� � � � ͼ � � ʾ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � ڴ � � � � � ֽ Ӵ � � � ֮ � � Ħ � � � � � � � � � a � � � � � � ߵ � � � � � � � � � ȣ � � � ͼ � � ʾ � � һ � ߱ � � � � � � � � � � � � � F₀� � � � F₁� � � � Ϊ � � � ߣ � һ � ߱ � � � � ɣ � � � � � � � F₀� � � ٵ � F₂� � � � Ϊ � ɱ ߡ � � ð «  ˆ � delta � � � � ܳ � � Ȳ � � 䣬 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �₁The -f₀Ӧ � � � � � ɱ � � � � � � ļ � � � � � F₀The -f₂� �

F₀= � � F₁+ F₂� � / 2

2. � � Ч � � � �

� � � � � ߵ � � � � � ֮ � � F � � Ϊ � � � � � � � � � � Ч � � � � � � ʵ � � � � � F Ǵ � � � � � � ֮ � � Ħ � � � � � � � ܺ ͣ � � � � � � Ħ � � � � � � Χ � ڣ � � � � � � � � � � � Ч � � � � F � � � � Ħ � � � � � � ȣ � F ͬ ʱ Ҳ � Ǵ � � � � � � � � � � ݵ � Բ � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � ݵ Ĺ � � � Ϊ

P Ϊ ʽ � � � � � ݹ � � ʣ � � � lambda Ϊ KW � � F Ϊ � � Ч Բ � � � � � � � � lambda Ϊ N � � v Ϊ � � � � � ٶ ȣ � � � lambda Ϊ m/s � �

� � һ � � � the awesome � � � � �F₀� � � � � £� � � � � � � ֽ Ӵ � � � � Ħ � � � � � � � ܺ � � � һ � � � � ֵ � � � � � � � � � � � ݵ � Բ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ֽ Ӵ � � � � Ħ � � � � � � � ܺ ͵ ļ � � � ֵ ʱ � � � � � � � � ֽ � � � � � � � � Ե � � � Ի � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Ϊ� �� � � � � � ʱ � Ӷ � � � ת � ټ � � � � 1/2 level � � � ʹ � � � � ʧ Ч � � ͬ ʱ Ҳ � � � � � ˴ � � � ĥ � � Ӧ � � � � �

3. � � � � � � � � � � � Ħ � � � � � � � � � � Ч � � � � � � � ٽ � ֵ

� � � � � � � � � ʹ � � ּ � � � ȫ Shanghai � � � � � � � ʱ � � Ħ � � � � � ﵽ � � � ֵ � � � � � � У Բ � � � � � ﵽ � � � ֵ � � � � ʱ � � � � � � � � � � � � � ɱ � � � � � ֮ � � Ĺ � ϵ � � � � ŷ � � � � ʽ � � ʾ � � � �

F₁/ F₂= e^fa

ʽ � � a Ϊ С � � � ְ � � ǡ � � � � � � ϸ � ʽ � ɵ �

F = 2F₀(e^fa- 1)/(e^fa+ 1) � � F_Max=F₁(1-1 / e^fa)

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